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The Flower Show

Native Trees with Edible Fruits

diospyros virginiana andalusia

Diospyros virginiana-Andalusia, Andalusia Historic House and Garden

By Andrew Bunting, PHS Vice President of Horticulture

The interest in growing native plants is perhaps at an all-time high. Many home gardeners are conscious of the need for everyone to “do their part” in creating habitats by making changes to their garden that enhance ecological functions. Also, very popular in home gardens is growing fruit trees. Backyard fruit growing can be done on relatively small properties in Philadelphia and its suburbs. The Philadelphia Orchard Project is a great advocate for fruit growing.

One of the most popular native fruits is the pawpaw, Asimina triloba. This medium-sized tree is an understory plant often found in low areas of native deciduous woods across most of the Eastern United States. It grows stoloniferously (via underground stems), often forming large colonies. In cultivation, it will thrive in full sun and will flower and fruit better. In the spring, curious flowers emerge with six overlapping burgundy petals. The flower is pendant and bell-shaped. The flowers have evolved to resemble the color of rotting flesh, thereby attracting flies that facilitate pollination. More than one cultivar or genetic selection is needed for cross-pollination. Short, banana-like fruits form from June through August. Some exceptional cultivars include ‘Potomac’ with sweet fruits, ‘Shenandoah’ with a banana-like flavor, and ‘PA Golden’, a high-yielding cultivar.

asimina triloba

Asimina triloba, paw

In some markets and grocery stores, you can find the orange-fruited Asian persimmon, Diospyros kaki. These fruits are either egg-shaped or look like a small version of a pumpkin. They are noted for their sweetness and can be used for making cakes, cookies, and ice cream. The common persimmon, Diospyros virginiana, is a native tree that grows from Pennsylvania south to Florida, west to East Texas, and north into Kansas and Missouri. Over time, this deciduous tree can reach over 50 feet tall. For fruiting to occur, there needs to be both a male and a female tree in proximity to each other. The fruits of the native persimmon are approximately the size of a gumball and ripen in late fall. The fruits need to experience multiple frosts to remove their astringency; otherwise, your lips will literally pucker upon your first bite.

young paw paw trees in asheville
Young Paw Paw trees in Asheville

Both the common persimmon and the pawpaw make nice ornamental additions to the garden. The persimmon matures into a picturesque, medium-sized tree, while the pawpaw brings a nearly tropical effect to the garden with its large, bold leaves.